Tex

Let the Markdown file in your VuePress site support the $\TeX$ syntax.

Configuration

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    [
      "markdown-enhance",
      {
        // Enable Tex Support
        tex: true,
      },
    ],
  ],
};

Grammar

Inline syntax

Use $codes$.

Euler’s identity $e^{i\pi}+1=0$ is a beautiful formula in $\mathbb{R}^2$.

Euler’s identity $e^{i\pi}+1=0$ is a beautiful formula in $\mathbb{R}^2$.

Block syntax

Use $$codes$$.

$$
\frac {\partial^r} {\partial \omega^r} \left(\frac {y^{\omega}} {\omega}\right)
= \left(\frac {y^{\omega}} {\omega}\right) \left\{(\log y)^r + \sum_{i=1}^r \frac {(-1)^ Ir \cdots (r-i+1) (\log y)^{ri}} {\omega^i} \right\}
$$

$$\frac {\partial^r} {\partial \omega^r} \left(\frac {y^{\omega}} {\omega}\right) = \left(\frac {y^{\omega}} {\omega}\right) \left\{(\log y)^r + \sum_{i=1}^r \frac {(-1)^ Ir \cdots (r-i+1) (\log y)^{ri}} {\omega^i} \right\}$$

Tutorial

Operator

• Some operators can be entered directly in math mode; others need to be generated using control sequences:

  • +: $+$
  • -: $-$
  • \times: $\times$
  • \ div: $\div$
  • =: $=$
  • \pm: $\pm$
  • \cdot: $\cdot$
  • \cup: $\cup$
  • \geq: $\geq$
  • \leq: $\leq$
  • \neq: $\neq$
  • \approx: $\approx$
  • \equiv: $\equiv$
  • \quad: $\quad$ (blank separator)

• Radical: \sqrt{xxx} $\sqrt{xxx}$

• Fraction \frac{aaa}{bbb} $\frac{aaa}{bbb}$ (the first parameter is the numerator and the second is the denominator).

• Lianjia: \sum $\sum$

• Tandem: \prod $\prod$

• Limit: \lim $\lim$

• Points: \int $\int$

• Multiple points:

  • \iint: $\iint$
  • \iiint: $\iiint$
  • \liiiint: $\liiiint$ (Use \iiiint for block as normal)
  • \idotsint $\idotsint$

TIP

Large operators such as continuous addition, multiplication, limits, and integrals can use \limits and \nolimits to force explicitly specify compress these superscripts or not.

\iiiint($\liiiint$) is support by hack, so for inline display you should use \liiiint.

\varoiint, \sqint, \sqiint, \ointctrclockwise, \ointclockwise, \varointclockwise, \varointctrclockwise, \fint, \landupint, \landdownint are not supported currently.

Case

$\sqrt{x}$, $\frac{1}{2}$.

$\sum_{i=1}^n i\; \prod_{i=1}^n$

$\sum\limits _{i=1}^n i\; \prod\limits_{i=1}^n$

$\iint_1^2 x^2\; \iiint_1^2 x^2\; \liiiint_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint_1^2 x^2$

$\iint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \iiint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \liiiint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint\limits_1^2 x^2$

$$\iint_1^2 x^2\; \iiint_1^2 x^2\; \iiiint_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint_1^2 x^2$$

$\sqrt{x}$, $\frac{1}{2}$.

$\sum_{i=1}^n i\; \prod_{i=1}^n$

$\sum\limits _{i=1}^n i\; \prod\limits _{i=1}^n$

$\iint_1^2 x^2\; \iiint_1^2 x^2\; \liiiint_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint_1^2 x^2$

$\iint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \iiint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \liiiint\limits_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint\limits_1^2 x^2$

$$\iint_1^2 x^2\; \iiint_1^2 x^2\; \iiiint_1^2 x^2\; \idotsint_1^2 x^2$$

Symbol

• English letters can be entered directly

  $a \quad b \quad c \quad x \quad y \quad z \quad A \quad B \quad C$

  $a \quad b \quad c \quad x \quad y \quad z \quad A \quad B \quad C$
  

• Greek characters use \characterName to enter symbols, and output capital letters when the first letter is capitalized.

  $\alpha \quad \beta \quad \gamma \quad \Omega \quad \Delta \quad \Gamma$

  $\alpha \quad \beta \quad \gamma \quad \Omega \quad \Delta \quad \Gamma$
  

• Other mathematical expressions can be used correspondingly

  $\log_{a}{b} \quad \partial x$

  $\log_{a}{b} \quad \partial x$
  

Superscript and subscript

• Superscript, use ^ to achieve
• Subscript, use _ to achieve
• By default, superscript and subscript only apply to the next character. To work with mutiple consecutive characters, please enclose these characters in curly brackets {}.

Case

Einstein ’s $E=mc^2$.

$2^{10} > 1000$

Einstein ’s $E=mc^2$.

$2^{10} > 1000$

Delimiters (parentheses, etc.)

Various parentheses are represented by commands such as (), [], \{\}, \langle\rangle.

TIP

Note that curly braces are usually used to enter command and environment parameters, so they must be preceded by \ in mathematical formulas.

Because the application of | and \| in LaTeX is too casual, we recommend using \lvert\rvert and \ lVert\rVert instead.

To adjust the size of these delimiters, we recommend using \big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg and a series of commands to adjust the size before the above brackets.

$\Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr)$$\Biggl[\biggl[\Bigl[\bigl[[x]\bigr]\Bigr]\biggr]\Biggr]$$\Biggl \{\biggl \{\Bigl \{\bigl \{ \{x \}\bigr \}\Bigr \}\biggr \}\Biggr\}$$\Biggl\langle\biggl\langle\Bigl\langle\bigl\langle\langle x \rangle\bigr\rangle\Bigr\rangle\biggr\rangle\Biggr\rangle$$\Biggl\lvert\biggl\lvert\Bigl\lvert\bigl\lvert\lvert x \rvert\bigr\rvert\Bigr\rvert\biggr\rvert\Biggr\rvert$$\Biggl\lVert\biggl\lVert\Bigl\lVert\bigl\lVert\lVert x \rVert\bigr\rVert\Bigr\rVert\biggr\rVert\Biggr\rVert$

$\Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr)$
$\Biggl[\biggl[\Bigl[\bigl[[x]\bigr]\Bigr]\biggr]\Biggr]$
$\Biggl \{\biggl \{\Bigl \{\bigl \{ \{x \}\bigr \}\Bigr \}\biggr \}\Biggr\}$
$\Biggl\langle\biggl\langle\Bigl\langle\bigl\langle\langle x
\rangle\bigr\rangle\Bigr\rangle\biggr\rangle\Biggr\rangle$
$\Biggl\lvert\biggl\lvert\Bigl\lvert\bigl\lvert\lvert x
\rvert\bigr\rvert\Bigr\rvert\biggr\rvert\Biggr\rvert$
$\Biggl\lVert\biggl\lVert\Bigl\lVert\bigl\lVert\lVert x
\rVert\bigr\rVert\Bigr\rVert\biggr\rVert\Biggr\rVert$

Ellipsis

The ellipsis is represented by commands such as \dots,\cdots, \vdots,\ddots.

TIP

\dots and\cdots have different vertical positions. The former is generally used for subscripted sequences.

$x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_n \quad 1,2,\cdots ,n \quad \vdots\quad \ddots$

$x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_n \quad 1,2,\cdots ,n \quad \vdots\quad \ddots$

Matrix

pmatrix, bmatrix, Bmatrix, vmatrix, Vmatrix and other environments can add various separators on both sides of the matrix.

$$\begin{pmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{pmatrix} \quad \begin{bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{bmatrix} \quad \begin{Bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Bmatrix} \quad \begin{vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{vmatrix} \quad \begin{Vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Vmatrix}$$

$$
\begin{pmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{pmatrix} \quad
\begin{bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{bmatrix} \quad
\begin{Bmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Bmatrix} \quad
\begin{vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{vmatrix} \quad
\begin{Vmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{Vmatrix}
$$

Using the smallmatrix environment, you can generate small matrices of inline formulas.

A small matix: $( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{smallmatrix} )$.

A small matix: $( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\c&d \end{smallmatrix} )$.

Multi-line formula

• newline

  Use \\ or \newline to wrap

  $$x = a+b+c+{} \\ d+e+f+g$$

  $$x = a+b+c+ \newline d+e+f+g$$

  $$
  x = a+b+c+ \\
  d+e+f+g
  $$
  
  $$
  x = a+b+c+ \newline
  d+e+f+g
  $$
  

  TIP

  Note that because $\KaTeX$ supports auto word wrapping, if you specify a line feed manually, a warning is output in the console.

• Alignment

  You can use the aligned environment to achieve alignment, and&to identify fixed anchor points

  $$\begin{aligned} x ={}& a+b+c+{} \\ &d+e+f+g \end{aligned}$$

  $$\begin{alignedat}{2} 10&x+ &3&y = 2 \\ 3&x+&13&y = 4 \end{alignedat}$$

  $$
  \begin{aligned}
  x ={}& a+b+c+{} \\
  &d+e+f+g
  \end{aligned}
  $$
  
  $$
  \begin{alignedat}{2}
     10&x+ &3&y = 2 \\
     3&x+&13&y = 4
  \end{alignedat}
  $$
  

Formula group

Formula groups that do not require alignment can use the gather environment.

$$\begin{gathered} a = b+c+d \\ x = y+z \end{gathered}$$

$$
\begin{gathered}
a = b+c+d \\
x = y+z
\end{gathered}
$$

Numbering

$$\tag{1} x+y^{2x}$$

$$\tag*{1} x+y^{2x}$$

$\tag{1} x+y^{2x}$

$\tag*{1} x+y^{2x}$

Segmented functions

Use case environment

$$y= \begin{cases} -x,\quad x\leq 0 \\ x,\quad x>0 \end{cases}$$

$$
y= \begin{cases}
-x,\quad x\leq 0 \\
x,\quad x>0
\end{cases}
$$

Text

To insert text in tex, you should use \text{} to wrap them.

More

For more symbols, pleasae check out

• $\KaTeX$ Support Features
• $\KaTeX$ Support List